Surgery is a medical procedure in which doctors make a cut in our body to treat a disease, injury, or other health problem. World Health Organization (WHO) Patient Safety launched "Safe surgery saves lives" in 2008, however some patients thought the surgery was so scary that will cause many problems for their bodies.
One of the problem is about post-operative complications such as drugs used for Anesthesia. Types of anesthesia include the regional anesthesia (spinal blocks and epidurals) and general anesthesia. The potential risks of side effect vary with each.
Side effects of the anesthesia can include nausea and vomiting, sore throat, postoperative delirium or cognitive dysfunction , muscle aches , itching, chills and shivering (hypothermia), or malignant hyperthermia (it is potentially deadly reaction to anesthesia that can occur during surgery, causing a quick fever and muscle contractions), headache, minor back pain, difficulty urinating, hematoma (it can occur when the anesthesia is injected), pneumothorax (it can occur when anesthesia is injected near the lungs) , nerve damage (it is causing temporary or permanent pain).
In addition, post spinal a rare complication and treatment such as tinnitus. The first postoperative day can be a severe headache that started from the nape of the neck and that involved the entire head. The headache is accompanied by tinnitus (ringing in both ears and motor noise) and nausea or vomiting are more prominent in the standing and sitting positions. Etiology regarding symptoms related to hearing following spinal anesthesia is not very clear. The literature (by Hughson W) mention that “One of the proposed hypotheses is the decrease in intra-labyrinth pressure. The cochlear duct provides an anatomical connection between the cochlea and the subarachnoid distance. The composition of the perilymph in the cochlea closely resembles the cerebrospinal fluid. One of the proposed views is that a decrease in cerebrospinal fluid pressure causes a decrease in intra-labyrinth pressure and that this causes functional inability in the ear in transmitting sounds.”
From the facts above, it is obvious that the drugs used for anesthesia have benefits as well as side effects. Safe surgery will reduce the rate of postoperative complications.
References:
1. Cleveland clinic. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/15286-anesthesia. 2024
Permanent hearing loss and tinnitus following epidural analgesia complicated by accidental dural puncture. 2020
3. Hughson W. A note on the relationship of cerebrospinal and intralabyrinthine pressures. Am J Physiol 1932; 101: 396-407
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